March 28-30, 2024
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NC State - Raleigh, NC
ICON KEY: NCAA DII Prov NAIA A NAIA B AARTFC Appalachian AC NESCAC DIII NE

Men's 10,000 Meters

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PL NAME YEAR TEAM TIME
1 Will Anthony FR-1 Virginia 28:21.93
2 Florian LePallec SR-4 Butler 28:25.89
3 Jack Jennings JR-3 Tulane 28:28.72
4 Bradley Makuvire SR-4 South Carolina 28:29.91
5 Brandon Olden SR-4 Tennessee 28:30.52
6 Skylar Stidam SR-4 Indiana 28:32.41
7 Tyler Berg JR-3 Notre Dame 28:34.00
8 Acer Iverson JR-3 Harvard 28:36.16
9 Murphy Smith JR-3 Navy 28:37.01
10 Hamza Chahid JR-3 Wingate 28:37.87
11 Patrick Cullen SR-4 Northeastern 28:38.78
12 Shane Brosnan FR-1 Harvard 28:39.42
13 Dean Casey FR-1 Tennessee 28:39.62
14 Rogerio Amaral SO-2 South Carolina 28:41.31
15 Talha Syed JR-3 Columbia 28:42.00
16 Ben Rosa JR-3 Harvard 28:43.13
17 Nate Kawalec SR-4 Tennessee 28:46.21
18 Charlie Sprott FR-1 Wake Forest 28:49.79
19 Lachlan Wellington JR-3 Iona 28:52.19
20 Kidus Misgina JR-3 Florida State 28:52.78
21 Charlie Siebert JR-3 Columbia 28:52.98
22 Abdel Laadjel JR-3 Providence 28:56.34
23 Luke Marsanskis SR-4 Maine 28:56.90
24 Charlie Ortmans FR-1 Harvard 28:57.79
25 Evan Brennan SR-4 Stony Brook 28:57.86
26 Toby Gualter JR-3 NC State 28:57.95
27 Abe Eckman SO-2 Indiana 28:58.56
28 Owen Lockyer JR-3 Columbia 28:58.88
29 Abraham Longosiwa SO-2 Hofstra 28:59.72
30 Daniel McGoey SR-4 NC State 29:02.09
31 Zach Leachman JR-3 Florida State 29:03.27
32 Evan Guzman   Unattached 29:06.41
33 Luke Taylor SO-2 Furman 29:09.57
34 Will Minnette SR-4 Butler 29:09.72
35 Shane Coffey JR-3 Providence 29:09.80
36 Joshua Methner JR-3 Notre Dame 29:10.51
37 Jan Wouter Van Den Akker SO-2 UMass Lowell 29:11.16
38 Alexander Kirkland JR-3 Navy 29:11.54
39 Wesley Bond JR-3 George Mason 29:12.18
40 Andrew Whitinger SR-4 IUPUI 29:13.08
41 Charles Namiot JR-3 Williams 29:13.78
42 Will Aitken SO-2 Wingate 29:14.44
43 Luke Henseler SR-4 Pittsburgh 29:15.16
44 Robert Cozean JR-3 Notre Dame 29:16.42
45 CarLee Stimpfel SR-4 Michigan State 29:16.66
46 Justin Wachtel SO-2 Virginia 29:18.38
47 Jaden Kingsley RS/Una Unattached 29:18.94
48 Adam Hessler   Unattached 29:19.42
49 Sean Kay JR-3 Yale 29:19.50
50 Dennis Kipkurui FR-1 Cumberlands 29:20.48
51 Andrew Lane SO-2 Michigan State 29:20.93
52 Josh Stone JR-3 Binghamton 29:21.37
53 Xavier Johnson SO-2 South Alabama 29:21.62
54 Gidion Sigei JR-3 Norfolk State 29:21.91
55 Zubin Jha SR-4 Ohio State 29:22.55
56 Zane Chalker JR-3 Charleston (W.V.) 29:22.63
57 Ethan Wechsler JR-3 Syracuse 29:22.69
58 Sam Waldin JR-3 Charleston Southern 29:23.09
59 Cortland Ross JR-3 Illinois-Springfield 29:23.29
60 Nicholas Goldstein JR-3 Furman 29:24.64
61 Tristian Merchant   Unattached 29:24.95
62 Weber Long SO-2 Wake Forest 29:25.79
63 Hunter Jones   Unattached 29:26.28
64 Antonin Saint Peyre SO-2 Wingate 29:26.35
65 Zachary Cloud SO-2 Florida State 29:27.65
66 Sam Otis SR-4 Pittsburgh 29:29.48
67 Anish Nanjappa SR-4 Columbia 29:29.48
68 Brock Wooderson SO-2 Grand Valley St. 29:32.60
69 Kevin Antczak JR-3 NC State 29:33.01
70 Jared Kreis JR-3 Duke 29:34.76
71 Robert Hannon SR-4 Boston University 29:38.12
72 John Cuozzo SR-4 Ohio State 29:38.81
73 Devin Wade JR-3 Georgia Tech 29:39.92
74 Joe Farley JR-3 Florida State 29:43.94
75 James Lawrence JR-3 Dartmouth 29:44.17
76 Malav Mehta SR-4 Northeastern 29:46.17
77 Teagan Flanagan SR-4 South Alabama 29:46.43
78 Aaron Jones SR-4 Milligan 29:47.64
79 Varun Oberai JR-3 Yale 29:47.98
80 Stephen Moody JR-3 Yale 29:49.14
81 Robert Carew JR-3 UMass Amherst 29:49.40
82 William Benoit JR-3 UMass Lowell 29:51.22
83 Evan White SR-4 Marshall 29:51.24
84 John Malach JR-3 NC State 29:53.68
85 David Reynolds SR-4 WPI 29:56.12
86 Hayes Trapp FR-1 William & Mary 29:56.32
87 Vedang Lad SR-4 MIT 29:56.72
88 Luca Madeo FR-1 Cumberlands 29:57.91
89 Enock Kipchumba SR-4 Eastern Kentucky 29:57.93
90 Oliver Wilson-Cook JR-3 App State 30:00.30
91 Hunter Steinau   Unattached 30:01.77
92 Lowell Hensgen SR-4 MIT 30:08.49
93 John Riley JR-3 UMass Lowell 30:08.59
94 Peyton Geehrer JR-3 Pittsburgh 30:08.60
95 Samuel Martens JR-3 Grand Valley St. 30:12.89
96 Landen Vaillancourt JR-3 UMass Lowell 30:13.35
97 Sean Ahern SO-2 Connecticut 30:15.32
98 Raphael Kitur JR-3 Norfolk State 30:16.72
99 Alex Brown SR-4 Boston University 30:18.28
100 Josh Smith JR-3 Michigan State 30:21.19
101 Aaron Engelhardt JR-3 Tampa 30:21.57
102 Alec Troxell SR-4 Maine 30:31.28
103 Nathan Moore SO-2 Liberty 30:34.26
104 Aden Smith JR-3 Michigan State 30:35.98
105 Ian Miller SR-4 High Point 30:41.96
106 Nate Jennings JR-3 William & Mary 30:51.51
107 Martin Riddell JR-3 Yale 30:56.72
108 Sam Acquaviva SR-4 MIT 30:57.76
  Moritz Ebbeskotte SO-2 Boston University DNF
  Samuel Garringer SR-4 Clemson DNF
  Tyler Morris SR-4 Duke DNF
  Andrew Hammel SO-2 Florida State DNF
  Nicholas Kiprotich JR-3 Liberty DNF
  Jimmy Mullarkey SO-2 NC State DNF
  Dalton Gleeson JR-3 Tiffin DNF
  JP Flavin   Unattached DNF
  Dallin Leatham 16 Unattached DNF
  Chris Maxon   Unattached DNF
  John Tatter   Unattached DNF
  Andrew Colley   ZAP Endurance DNF
Men's 10,000 Meters Section 1
PL NAME YEAR TEAM TIME TIME TIME TIME TIME TIME TIME
48 Adam Hessler   Unattached 25:13.11 29:19.42 29:54.61 34:36.12 32:32.96 24:37.92 29:37.02
53 Xavier Johnson SO-2 South Alabama 30:14.47 29:21.62 36:59.65 34:56.33 21:08.37 24:22.15 32:35.40
55 Zubin Jha SR-4 Ohio State 25:33.42 29:22.55 26:08.67 35:50.31 33:46.94 23:47.67 23:12.42
56 Zane Chalker JR-3 Charleston (W.V.) 24:58.24 29:22.63 35:50.41 30:50.77 22:37.23 25:33.49 22:54.86
57 Ethan Wechsler JR-3 Syracuse 33:11.84 29:22.69 38:11.50 23:30.16 21:44.39 37:00.99 21:44.39
58 Sam Waldin JR-3 Charleston Southern 24:23.37 29:23.09 26:44.42 20:51.80 22:55.21 25:51.52 27:19.68
59 Cortland Ross JR-3 Illinois-Springfield 32:19.62 29:23.29 30:33.83 27:37.50 30:51.46 32:54.89 32:54.89
64 Antonin Saint Peyre SO-2 Wingate 20:36.45 29:26.35 27:22.71 26:29.72 25:36.73 25:01.40 21:47.10
66 Sam Otis SR-4 Pittsburgh 38:20.33 29:29.48 29:47.18 20:56.33 28:01.01 34:30.30 34:12.60
70 Jared Kreis JR-3 Duke 23:04.32 29:34.76 26:19.54 30:10.26 26:55.04 21:00.08 28:06.03
71 Robert Hannon SR-4 Boston University 27:15.87 29:38.12 20:44.69 36:09.31 26:58.09 20:44.69 37:56.00
72 John Cuozzo SR-4 Ohio State 28:09.87 29:38.81 23:07.48 21:20.75 38:32.46 36:10.15 22:49.69
73 Devin Wade JR-3 Georgia Tech 34:24.71 29:39.92 25:48.53 25:48.53 32:02.32 21:57.14 23:43.94
76 Malav Mehta SR-4 Northeastern 28:34.73 29:46.17 21:08.18 37:48.44 34:49.82 29:10.45 34:14.10
78 Aaron Jones SR-4 Milligan 28:18.26 29:47.64 30:05.52 32:46.41 32:10.66 21:09.23 30:23.40
79 Varun Oberai JR-3 Yale 34:34.06 29:47.98 28:36.46 22:38.87 35:27.70 22:38.87 38:26.50
80 Stephen Moody JR-3 Yale 24:27.10 29:49.14 27:26.01 37:34.32 31:00.71 38:45.89 28:19.69
81 Robert Carew JR-3 UMass Amherst 35:47.28 29:49.40 24:27.31 36:58.86 30:07.30 25:38.89 21:46.27
82 William Benoit JR-3 UMass Lowell 25:22.54 29:51.22 26:52.10 21:47.59 25:04.63 38:48.59 34:19.91
83 Evan White SR-4 Marshall 24:46.73 29:51.24 38:12.79 21:47.61 23:53.00 24:10.91 37:19.05
85 David Reynolds SR-4 WPI 27:50.40 29:56.12 30:14.09 27:14.47 25:26.71 36:49.23 34:07.58
86 Hayes Trapp FR-1 William & Mary 26:02.80 29:56.32 38:55.22 31:08.18 33:49.85 36:31.51 21:33.35
87 Vedang Lad SR-4 MIT 24:15.35 29:56.72 36:14.04 26:39.08 34:44.20 26:57.05 23:57.38
88 Luca Madeo FR-1 Cumberlands 37:27.39 29:57.91 38:21.33 26:04.19 24:16.31 29:57.91 38:03.35
90 Oliver Wilson-Cook JR-3 App State 29:06.30 30:00.30 38:06.39 37:30.38 36:00.36 27:18.28 28:30.29
91 Hunter Steinau   Unattached 22:31.33 30:01.77 29:43.76 32:07.90 25:13.49 35:08.07 21:55.30
92 Lowell Hensgen SR-4 MIT 25:37.22 30:08.49 24:06.80 32:33.17 24:06.80 25:37.22 28:56.15
94 Peyton Geehrer JR-3 Pittsburgh 39:11.18 30:08.60 31:57.12 32:15.21 21:06.02 22:00.28 31:39.03
96 Landen Vaillancourt JR-3 UMass Lowell 23:52.55 30:13.35 27:30.15 33:14.69 23:34.42 24:28.82 38:41.09
97 Sean Ahern SO-2 Connecticut 29:57.17 30:15.32 31:46.09 38:07.31 22:05.19 22:59.65 26:37.49
98 Raphael Kitur JR-3 Norfolk State 33:00.23 30:16.72 31:29.39 28:45.89 25:07.88 39:21.74 29:40.39
99 Alex Brown SR-4 Boston University 34:32.84 30:18.28 37:34.67 22:25.53 28:11.00 26:21.91 37:16.49
100 Josh Smith JR-3 Michigan State 22:27.68 30:21.19 23:22.32 34:36.16 22:45.90 24:53.38 32:28.68
101 Aaron Engelhardt JR-3 Tampa 30:58.01 30:21.57 34:00.16 33:41.95 21:33.32 30:21.57 34:36.59
102 Alec Troxell SR-4 Maine 38:09.10 30:31.28 32:02.85 32:21.16 30:12.97 21:21.90 21:21.90
103 Nathan Moore SO-2 Liberty 34:32.72 30:34.26 39:07.86 32:42.66 33:01.00 31:29.29 28:44.21
105 Ian Miller SR-4 High Point 21:29.38 30:41.96 27:37.77 34:41.42 29:46.71 23:38.31 37:45.61
106 Nate Jennings JR-3 William & Mary 31:10.03 30:51.51 36:06.27 23:27.15 37:38.85 22:50.12 25:36.76
107 Martin Riddell JR-3 Yale 30:56.72 30:56.72 33:43.83 34:20.96 39:18.04 31:15.29 27:51.05
108 Sam Acquaviva SR-4 MIT 22:17.59 30:57.76 22:54.75 27:51.99 38:23.63 25:41.94 35:36.43
  Dalton Gleeson JR-3 Tiffin DNF DNF DNF DNF DNF DNF DNF
  Samuel Garringer SR-4 Clemson DNF DNF DNF DNF DNF DNF DNF
  Moritz Ebbeskotte SO-2 Boston University DNF DNF DNF DNF DNF DNF DNF
Men's 10,000 Meters Section 2
PL NAME YEAR TEAM TIME TIME TIME TIME TIME TIME
17 Nate Kawalec SR-4 Tennessee 27:02.64 26:45.38 22:43.71 21:34.66 28:46.21 37:06.81
18 Charlie Sprott FR-1 Wake Forest 27:57.90 32:17.37 34:18.45 32:00.07 28:49.79 29:58.99
19 Lachlan Wellington JR-3 Iona 22:31.11 21:39.15 32:20.06 20:47.18 28:52.19 29:09.52
23 Luke Marsanskis SR-4 Maine 23:26.89 23:09.52 20:15.83 27:12.69 28:56.90 29:14.27
24 Charlie Ortmans FR-1 Harvard 34:10.60 37:04.38 26:04.02 37:21.75 28:57.79 37:04.38
32 Evan Guzman   Unattached 21:32.35 24:44.45 31:08.66 31:08.66 29:06.41 20:57.42
33 Luke Taylor SO-2 Furman 35:16.98 30:54.55 28:52.08 20:59.69 29:09.57 35:34.48
34 Will Minnette SR-4 Butler 23:19.78 28:52.23 32:39.69 32:04.70 29:09.72 21:34.80
35 Shane Coffey JR-3 Providence 35:52.26 23:54.84 28:34.81 20:42.36 29:09.80 37:02.25
37 Jan Wouter Van Den Akker SO-2 UMass Lowell 24:48.49 35:53.93 29:28.68 29:28.68 29:11.16 23:20.93
38 Alexander Kirkland JR-3 Navy 35:19.37 25:41.36 28:54.03 28:01.48 29:11.54 29:29.06
39 Wesley Bond JR-3 George Mason 28:37.14 21:36.62 26:52.01 35:02.62 29:12.18 30:22.27
40 Andrew Whitinger SR-4 IUPUI 20:27.16 22:47.41 32:43.45 36:48.88 29:13.08 35:56.29
41 Charles Namiot JR-3 Williams 25:08.25 36:32.23 31:16.55 21:20.26 29:13.78 28:56.25
42 Will Aitken SO-2 Wingate 27:29.18 31:34.80 37:25.69 30:42.17 29:14.44 27:29.18
43 Luke Henseler SR-4 Pittsburgh 23:24.13 36:16.40 26:02.10 22:49.03 29:15.16 35:58.85
46 Justin Wachtel SO-2 Virginia 37:30.73 24:19.46 21:41.21 30:11.14 29:18.38 28:08.05
47 Jaden Kingsley RS/Una Unattached 28:26.18 20:48.85 22:51.98 26:23.05 29:18.94 32:14.84
49 Sean Kay JR-3 Yale 21:42.03 33:08.24 37:32.16 31:05.07 29:19.50 24:55.58
50 Dennis Kipkurui FR-1 Cumberlands 31:58.93 23:10.78 22:35.57 20:49.94 29:20.48 32:16.53
51 Andrew Lane SO-2 Michigan State 37:51.60 27:52.89 24:56.79 32:34.64 29:20.93 30:13.76
54 Gidion Sigei JR-3 Norfolk State 37:52.87 22:01.44 21:43.82 31:25.25 29:21.91 35:31.92
60 Nicholas Goldstein JR-3 Furman 36:10.51 26:28.18 23:31.72 30:35.23 29:24.64 33:31.69
62 Weber Long SO-2 Wake Forest 34:43.64 32:22.37 33:33.00 20:53.71 29:25.79 27:22.19
63 Hunter Jones   Unattached 33:33.56 28:50.96 27:57.97 23:50.69 29:26.28 26:11.99
67 Anish Nanjappa SR-4 Columbia 25:39.45 29:29.48 20:38.64 33:37.21 29:29.48 28:54.09
68 Brock Wooderson SO-2 Grand Valley St. 34:51.67 37:48.93 33:40.77 32:47.59 29:32.60 38:24.38
74 Joe Farley JR-3 Florida State 22:17.96 22:17.96 31:30.98 32:24.50 29:43.94 29:08.27
75 James Lawrence JR-3 Dartmouth 22:53.81 27:21.44 32:24.75 29:44.17 29:44.17 22:00.29
89 Enock Kipchumba SR-4 Eastern Kentucky 35:57.52 24:52.29 37:27.42 27:52.08 29:57.93 23:40.37
93 John Riley JR-3 UMass Lowell 36:46.48 21:24.10 25:37.31 22:18.36 30:08.59 23:48.79
95 Samuel Martens JR-3 Grand Valley St. 35:02.96 25:22.83 28:42.25 25:04.70 30:12.89 29:36.64
104 Aden Smith JR-3 Michigan State 34:16.30 33:57.94 34:34.66 39:46.78 30:35.98 39:28.42
  Jimmy Mullarkey SO-2 NC State DNF DNF DNF DNF DNF DNF
  JP Flavin   Unattached DNF DNF DNF DNF DNF DNF
  Nicholas Kiprotich JR-3 Liberty DNF DNF DNF DNF DNF DNF
  Chris Maxon   Unattached DNF DNF DNF DNF DNF DNF
  Andrew Hammel SO-2 Florida State DNF DNF DNF DNF DNF DNF
  Tyler Morris SR-4 Duke DNF DNF DNF DNF DNF DNF
Men's 10,000 Meters Section 3
PL NAME YEAR TEAM TIME TIME TIME TIME TIME TIME TIME
1 Will Anthony FR-1 Virginia 31:46.17 29:47.03 21:50.49 33:28.28 28:21.93 22:24.53 20:08.37
2 Florian LePallec SR-4 Butler 35:15.31 22:44.72 29:00.01 21:53.54 28:25.89 34:41.19 36:23.54
3 Jack Jennings JR-3 Tulane 21:21.54 32:27.94 20:30.28 33:53.38 28:28.72 29:19.99 36:10.08
4 Bradley Makuvire SR-4 South Carolina 31:20.91 31:20.91 25:21.82 34:11.90 28:29.91 31:03.81 29:38.31
5 Brandon Olden SR-4 Tennessee 31:38.68 32:12.89 26:47.89 23:05.53 28:30.52 36:12.36 33:04.21
6 Skylar Stidam SR-4 Indiana 29:23.79 24:32.68 36:31.89 23:24.18 28:32.41 29:58.03 25:41.17
7 Tyler Berg JR-3 Notre Dame 31:08.26 34:33.94 29:08.28 34:16.80 28:34.00 25:25.46 26:51.16
8 Acer Iverson JR-3 Harvard 32:19.26 36:36.69 23:44.42 20:01.32 28:36.16 30:01.97 33:10.75
9 Murphy Smith JR-3 Navy 21:44.93 35:11.93 36:54.95 23:45.12 28:37.01 22:19.27 34:03.25
10 Hamza Chahid JR-3 Wingate 30:03.77 24:37.37 30:03.77 35:12.98 28:37.87 33:47.09 25:28.91
11 Patrick Cullen SR-4 Northeastern 36:22.85 31:30.66 34:39.73 30:39.10 28:38.78 32:05.04 25:29.72
12 Shane Brosnan FR-1 Harvard 34:40.50 35:14.89 25:47.48 22:38.35 28:39.42 35:14.89 31:31.37
13 Dean Casey FR-1 Tennessee 21:29.72 29:48.41 28:56.82 27:30.84 28:39.62 27:48.04 27:48.04
14 Rogerio Amaral SO-2 South Carolina 27:49.67 26:23.61 35:00.00 20:22.13 28:41.31 21:13.77 24:23.12
15 Talha Syed JR-3 Columbia 20:39.84 27:50.34 20:05.40 28:07.56 28:42.00 20:22.62 34:26.40
16 Ben Rosa JR-3 Harvard 27:51.44 25:16.36 31:18.22 28:43.13 28:43.13 21:32.35 37:20.07
20 Kidus Misgina JR-3 Florida State 23:58.21 31:11.41 37:32.62 25:24.85 28:52.78 23:58.21 29:27.44
21 Charlie Siebert JR-3 Columbia 25:59.69 29:44.97 30:02.30 30:19.63 28:52.98 26:51.68 34:39.58
22 Abdel Laadjel JR-3 Providence 33:51.52 30:05.80 30:57.89 20:32.81 28:56.34 33:51.52 28:38.98
25 Evan Brennan SR-4 Stony Brook 30:24.76 24:54.56 35:54.95 37:04.46 28:57.86 24:19.81 29:15.24
26 Toby Gualter JR-3 NC State 31:51.75 35:37.68 29:15.33 27:31.06 28:57.95 29:32.71 33:18.65
27 Abe Eckman SO-2 Indiana 34:11.50 34:46.28 32:09.81 31:00.26 28:58.56 30:08.11 35:38.43
28 Owen Lockyer JR-3 Columbia 35:21.44 26:57.16 25:12.83 29:33.66 28:58.88 36:48.38 36:48.38
29 Abraham Longosiwa SO-2 Hofstra 27:15.34 35:39.86 35:39.86 24:38.77 28:59.72 20:35.21 23:46.57
30 Daniel McGoey SR-4 NC State 33:05.99 24:23.36 30:11.78 34:15.67 29:02.09 31:21.46 22:38.83
31 Zach Leachman JR-3 Florida State 29:38.14 23:14.62 33:24.76 21:47.46 29:03.27 24:59.22 27:01.25
36 Joshua Methner JR-3 Notre Dame 37:55.67 28:18.00 33:33.09 20:42.87 29:10.51 23:37.92 32:23.07
44 Robert Cozean JR-3 Notre Dame 29:33.99 31:19.37 33:39.89 28:58.86 29:16.42 37:10.66 22:14.88
45 CarLee Stimpfel SR-4 Michigan State 22:15.07 28:06.40 33:22.60 23:42.90 29:16.66 23:25.33 27:13.70
52 Josh Stone JR-3 Binghamton 26:42.85 20:50.58 30:49.44 22:01.03 29:21.37 34:03.19 34:03.19
61 Tristian Merchant   Unattached 24:24.91 27:03.76 28:32.01 26:10.81 29:24.95 22:56.67 28:32.01
65 Zachary Cloud SO-2 Florida State 34:28.15 26:13.21 23:34.12 34:10.48 29:27.65 20:37.36 35:38.86
69 Kevin Antczak JR-3 NC State 21:52.03 25:42.52 36:56.27 32:30.32 29:33.01 33:23.51 31:54.85
77 Teagan Flanagan SR-4 South Alabama 28:17.11 24:07.01 36:37.31 30:22.16 29:46.43 22:19.83 30:22.16
84 John Malach JR-3 NC State 30:11.62 28:41.94 29:53.68 23:19.07 29:53.68 34:04.80 23:01.14
  Dallin Leatham 16 Unattached DNF DNF DNF DNF DNF DNF DNF
  John Tatter   Unattached DNF DNF DNF DNF DNF DNF DNF
  Andrew Colley   ZAP Endurance DNF DNF DNF DNF DNF DNF DNF